Arylpropionic acid NSAIDs
100%
N=44 compoundsTier 1
Ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, carprofen, fenoprofen
Aryl-ethanolamine β-agonists
98.7%
N=77 compoundsTier 1
Salbutamol, terbutaline, formoterol, salmeterol, levalbuterol
Aryloxy-propanolamine β-blockers
100%
N=83 compoundsTier 1
Propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, timolol, nadolol
Amino-alcohol (modular)
95.4%
N=195 compoundsTier 1
Diverse amino-alcohol scaffolds — consolidated modular family
Morphinan opioid agonists
100%
N=18 compoundsTier 1
Morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, buprenorphine
Morphinan opioid antagonists
100%
N=69 compoundsTier 1
Naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, nalorphine
DHP CCB (C4 ring-chiral)
100%
N=18 compoundsTier 1
Amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nisoldipine (C4 stereocenter)
DHP CCB (ester side chain)
100%
N=16 compoundsTier 1
Benidipine, manidipine, barnidipine (ester side chain chiral)
Benzamide antipsychotics
100%
N=70 compoundsTier 1
Amisulpride, sulpiride, tiapride, raclopride
Catecholamine (3,4-diol)
92.9%
N=84 compoundsTier 1
Dihydrobenzofuran / chroman catechol aminoalcohols
Pyrrolidinone SV2A ligands
100%
N=25 compoundsTier 1
Levetiracetam, brivaracetam, α-ethyl/propyl/isobutyl analogues
8-Aminoquinoline antimalarials
100%
N=20 compoundsTier 1
Primaquine, tafenoquine (5-unsubstituted)
N=25 compoundsTier 1
Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, benazepril, quinapril, fosinopril
Proton pump inhibitors
100%
N=17 compoundsTier 1
Omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole
Axial biaryl atropisomers
100%
N=21 compoundsTier 1
BINAP/BINOL/gossypol + belvarafenib, adagrasib, zanubrutinib
Tert-carbinol triazole antifungals
98.6%
N=73 compoundsTier 1
Voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole — multi-stereocenter
Coumarin anticoagulants
100%
N=16 compoundsTier 1
Warfarin, acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon
Pyrimidine nucleoside analogs
100%
N=18 compoundsTier 1
Sofosbuvir, capecitabine, gemcitabine (uracil/thymine class)
Classical 4-AQ antimalarials
100%
N=49 compoundsTier 1
Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine aminopropyl class
N=24 compoundsTier 1
Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine JAK inhibitors (R-active)
N=19 compoundsTier 1
Duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine
Propylamine antihistamines
100%
N=16 compoundsTier 1
Cetirizine, chlorphenamine, brompheniramine class
N=16 compoundsTier 1
Chiral amine PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib class)
N=17 compoundsTier 1Agro
Fluazifop-P, quizalofop-P, haloxyfop, mecoprop-P, dichlorprop-P
Amino acid sulfoxides
100%
N=8 compoundsTier 2
Methionine-class sulfoxides
Pipecoloxylidide anesthetics (N≥C3)
100%
N=10 compoundsTier 2
Bupivacaine, ropivacaine, levobupivacaine
N=16 compoundsTier 1
Purine/pyrazolopyrimidine PI3K inhibitors (S-active)
Cephalosporin antibiotics
100%
N=10 compoundsTier 2
β-Lactam cephalosporins (6R,7R-active)
Carbapenem antibiotics
100%
N=8 compoundsTier 2
β-Lactam carbapenems (5R,6S-active)
Arylcyclohexylamine dissociatives
100%
N=11 compoundsTier 2
Ketamine, PCP, esketamine class
N=11 compoundsTier 2
Chiral amine ALK inhibitors (crizotinib class)
Oxazolidinone antibiotics
100%
N=10 compoundsTier 2
Linezolid, tedizolid (C5-chiral oxazolidinones)
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
100%
N=8 compoundsTier 2
Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin (chiral quinolones)
N=6 compoundsTier 2
Oxazepam, lorazepam, temazepam (3-hydroxy-1,4-benzodiazepine)
Pyrethroid insecticides
100%
N=9 compoundsTier 2Agro
Permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin (cyclopropane 1R-active)
Triazole fungicides (open-chain)
100%
N=7 compoundsTier 2Agro
Open-chain carbinol triazole fungicides
Triazole fungicides (dioxolane)
100%
N=7 compoundsTier 2Agro
1,3-Dioxolane-core triazole fungicides
Triazole fungicides (fused ring)
100%
N=6 compoundsTier 2Agro
Fused ring / epoxide triazole fungicides
α-Carbon triazole fungicides
100%
N=6 compoundsTier 2Agro
α-Carbon triazole fungicides
Thienopyridine antiplatelets
100%
N=3 compoundsTier 3
Clopidogrel, prasugrel class
Limited validation (N=3) — fewer than 6 compounds verified
N=2 compoundsTier 3
Diltiazem class 1,5-benzothiazepine calcium channel blockers
Limited validation (N=2) — fewer than 6 compounds verified
Pipecoloxylidide (N-methyl)
0%
N=1 compoundsTier 3
Mepivacaine sub-class (N-methyl pipecoloxylidides)
Only 1 compound tested, 0% accuracy — insufficient data
N=0 compoundsTier 3
Non-classical 4-aminoquinoline research compounds
No validated compounds yet — scaffold coverage only
Methoxyacetyl acylalanine fungicides
100%
N=4 compoundsTier 3Agro
Metalaxyl class acylalanine fungicides
Limited validation (N=4) — fewer than 6 compounds verified
Phenylacetyl acylalanine fungicides
100%
N=4 compoundsTier 3Agro
Benalaxyl class acylalanine fungicides
Limited validation (N=4) — fewer than 6 compounds verified
Chloroacetanilide herbicides
100%
N=4 compoundsTier 3Agro
Metolachlor, alachlor class
Limited validation (N=4) — fewer than 6 compounds verified
Imidazolinone herbicides
100%
N=4 compoundsTier 3Agro
Imazethapyr, imazapyr class
Limited validation (N=4) — fewer than 6 compounds verified
N=4 compoundsTier 3Agro
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides
Limited validation (N=4) — fewer than 6 compounds verified
Ryanodine diamide insecticides
100%
N=4 compoundsTier 3Agro
Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole class
Limited validation (N=4) — fewer than 6 compounds verified
Neonicotinoid insecticides
100%
N=4 compoundsTier 3Agro
Imidacloprid, clothianidin analogues
Limited validation (N=4) — fewer than 6 compounds verified